What are the signs of anaphylaxis?

The signs of anaphylaxis are critical to recognize, as this severe allergic reaction can escalate rapidly and become life-threatening. The correct answer highlights key symptoms: swelling of the face or throat, difficulty breathing, and a rapid heartbeat.

Swelling of the face or throat can lead to obstruction of the airway, making breathing difficult. This reaction occurs because the body releases chemicals in response to an allergen, causing blood vessels to leak fluid and tissues to swell. Difficulty breathing is a direct result of the airway being compromised, and it may present as wheezing, shortness of breath, or even the inability to speak. Additionally, a rapid heartbeat can occur as the body attempts to maintain blood flow and oxygenation in response to the stress of an allergic reaction. Recognizing these symptoms is crucial for prompt intervention, such as the administration of epinephrine.

Other options present symptoms that may be associated with various medical conditions or less severe allergic reactions but do not specifically represent the life-threatening nature of anaphylaxis, which necessitates immediate medical attention.