What is the best approach for handwashing when soap and water is not available?

Using hand sanitizer is the best approach for handwashing when soap and water are not available because hand sanitizers that contain at least 60% alcohol are effective at killing many types of germs. They work by denaturing proteins and disrupting the cell membranes of pathogens, making them a useful alternative in situations where traditional handwashing isn't possible.

Wiping hands on clothing or rinsing with just water do not effectively remove or kill germs. Clothing may not have the necessary disinfecting properties, and rinsing with water alone does not adequately clean hands or eliminate pathogens. Thus, hand sanitizer becomes the most reliable option for maintaining hand hygiene in the absence of soap and water.